日(ri)前，生態環(huan)境部(bu)發布我國生態環(huan)境基(ji)準(zhun)—（公告2020年70號）。該基(ji)準(zhun)由生態環(huan)境部(bu)法規與標準(zhun)司(si)組織(zhi)制定，中(zhong)國環(huan)境科學研究院依據(ju)《淡水(shui)水(shui)生生物水(shui)質(zhi)基(ji)準(zhun)制定技術指南(nan)》（HJ 831—2017）起草。

　　苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)毒性(xing)(xing)效(xiao)應(ying)明顯。國(guo)際上(shang)對(dui)苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)基準(zhun)的(de)研究已近(jin)半個世紀，美國(guo)等國(guo)家發布(bu)的(de)苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)基準(zhun)值及相關毒性(xing)(xing)研究，是《地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)》（GB 3838—2002）制(zhi)定過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)參考依(yi)據之(zhi)一。本基準(zhun)推(tui)導充分(fen)考慮了我國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)分(fen)布(bu)，共(gong)納入6866篇中(zhong)(zhong)英文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)獻、1301條(tiao)毒性(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)據庫數(shu)(shu)據，并(bing)增加了實驗室(shi)自測毒性(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)據，經質(zhi)量評價后(hou)，135條(tiao)數(shu)(shu)據為(wei)可靠數(shu)(shu)據用(yong)于苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)基準(zhun)推(tui)導，共(gong)涉及68種(zhong)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)，基本涵(han)蓋了草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)、鰱(lian)魚(yu)(yu)等我國(guo)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)優(you)勢種(zhong)。對(dui)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)的(de)急(ji)、慢性(xing)(xing)毒性(xing)(xing)值分(fen)別進行計算(suan)后(hou)，基于物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)敏感度(du)分(fen)布(bu)法，推(tui)導得到苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)的(de)短期水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)基準(zhun)值和長期水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)基準(zhun)值，反(fan)映現階段地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境中(zhong)(zhong)苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)對(dui)95%的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)及其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態功能不產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有害效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)最大濃(nong)度(du)。

　　依(yi)據《淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生生物(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)基準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)技術指(zhi)南》（HJ 831—2017），生態環境(jing)(jing)部法規(gui)(gui)與標(biao)準(zhun)司已組織(zhi)完成鎘、氨(an)氮和(he)苯酚3項(xiang)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)的淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生生物(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)基準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)工(gong)作。這(zhe)(zhe)3項(xiang)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)均屬(shu)于《地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)》（GB 3838—2002）的基本項(xiang)目，分別代表了重金屬(shu)、常規(gui)(gui)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)和(he)有(you)機污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)。不同(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)環境(jing)(jing)因子對這(zhe)(zhe)3項(xiang)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)生物(wu)(wu)毒性影響不同(tong)，基準(zhun)推導方法上(shang)也(ye)有(you)差異，既可(ke)為后續基準(zhun)的制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)提供參(can)考和(he)借鑒，也(ye)可(ke)為制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)訂地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)提供科學依(yi)據。

來源：生態環境部